Bib, Bibcock - A water draw off tap fed by a horizontal supply pipe, not by a pipe from below, as is usual for a washbasin with a pillar tap
Bid - A tender
Bidet - A sanitary fitting for washing the nether parts of the body. Water is supplied from an overim mixer or an upward spray. The discharge is waste water not soil water
Bi-fold door - A compact cupboard door with two pairs of folding leaves
Bill of quantities (BOQ) - A set of descriptions of the materials and labour needed for construction work with their quantity and their unit price listed as numbered items. Generally used to calculate the estimated cost of construction of the said project
Billing - Writing the description and quantities of each item in bill of quantities
Bimetallic corrosion - Corrosion from dissimilar metal contact
Binder - A material that hardens to bond things together. Binders include: the film forming agent in paint; the resin in an adhesive or lime in plaster and/or;
Any tie securely fixed to a number of main framing members to stop them moving in relation to each other
Bird Screen - A grille of wire netting to stop birds entering fresh air inlets, exhaust outlets and other ventilation openings
Bit - An interchangeable working tool that fits into the chunk of a drill, a router or a carpenter's brace. The most common bit is the drill bit and/or;
The working head of a soldering iron, usually made of copper
Bit Gauge - A small metal piece that can be fixed to a drill bit to stop drilling at the right depth
Bitty - A bitty paint or varnish contains small nibs of paint skin, etc which stick up above the paint surface after a coat is applied
Bitumen - A smooth, black and heavy material which becomes liquid when heated made from natural or distilled petroleum and similar to pitch and tar
Bitumen Boiler - A heated vessel for melting bitumen before it is spread
Bitumen Felt - Sheets of fibres matted into felt and bonded by saturating with bitumen or bitumen polymer
Bitumen Polymer Sheet - High performance bitumen felt, made with bitumen that contains a polymer modifier, such as ethylene/propylene. It is reinforced with polyester or glassfibres and mostly used as a single layer in membrane roofing
Bituminous Paint - Paint made from asphalt or petroleum bitumen and a solvent or a bitumen emulsion. It is inexpensive and normally used for waterproofing or to protect metals
Black Steel - Steel with a surface layer of dark coloured iron oxides used for low pressure hot water heating pipes
Blade - The vane of a fan impeller that moves air by spinning. In a centrifugal fan, the blades are either backward curved, forward curved or radial. In a propeller fan they are aerofoil shaped and/or;
The part of a tool (trowel, plane) or a earth moving machine that touches the work and/or;
A slat of wood or glass as infill to a louvre
Blade seal - A thin strip of rubber projecting from the edge of a door leaf, as a wiping seal to weather-strip the frame or for smoke control
Blank Wall - A wall with no openings for door or windows
Blanket, Quilt - Insulation made of mineral wool, such as glassfibre, that comes in rolls, usually with a paper lining to each face
Blast Cleaning - Driving a high speed stream of abrasive, air or water on a surface by forcing it out of a pipe with compressed air
Blast Primer - A quick drying pretreatment primer applied immediately after the blast cleaning of steel. It prevents re rusting for a short time and allows steel to be handled
Blastfurnace Cement - An economical blended cement made by mixing finely ground blast furnace slag with portland cement clinker
Blastfurnace Slag - Slag
Bleaching - The removal of colour by chemical action, often an oxidation caused by sunlight an air
Bled Timber - Timber from yellow pine trees that have been tapped for resin, usually inferior to other timber
Bleed - To blow off or purge gases from a pipe caring a liquid
Bleed Valve - A valve for bleeding gases from a pipe
Bleeder Pipe - A pipe through a retaining wall as a weephole for water
Bleeding - The penetration of a coat of paint by substances from the substrate that dissolve in the paint's medium, usually causing discolouration
Blemish - Anything which mars the appearance of a finish, without affecting strength.
Blended Cement - Portland cement mixed with other materials that have some chemical reaction with it.
Blended Water - Hot and cold water that have been combined by a mixer
Blind fixing - Concealed fasteners or fixing systems
Blind Hole - A hole that does not pass right through a material, as a bottomless hole does
Blind Mortice - A mortice that does not pass through the timber
Blind nailing - Nailing that is not directly visible
Blinding concrete - A layer of dry lean concrete about 50mm thick covering the bottom of an excavation, either over hardcore or directly on the foundation, to seal the underlying material and prevent mud from dirtying the reinforcement bars or intruding into the concrete of footings
Blinds - Panels of textile which can be drawn down inside or outside a window to control daylight or heat from the sun
Blistering - Bubbles in a paint surface caused by moisture or resin vapourizing under the surface
Block Bonding - Connecting several courses of brickwork of one wall into the courses of another, often in order to bond shallow facing bricks into thicker common bricks in the backing
Block Bridging - Solid bridging
Block Saw - A mason's handsaw for cutting lightweight concrete blocks
Blockboard - A building board made of wooden core strips upto 30mm wide, glued between veneers with a grain at right angles, forming a composite board
Blockmaker - A machine for making precast concrete building blocks.
Blockwork - Masonry of precast concrete building blocks laid in cement mortar
Bloom - A thin film which forms on the surface of a gloss paint or varnish and hides the colour or reduces the gloss. This defect could be due to the paint composition or because of improper application in humid air conditions. It can sometimes be removed with a cloth
Blower - A fan for air conditioning, or an compressor and/or;
A blow gun for cleaning formwork
Blowlamp - A compact burner with a powerful flame and a built in fuel supply, used for heating materials, mostly to soften them for hand work such as soldering and bending pipes or conduits
Blown Air - Supply air distributed by a fan through ductwork
Blown Bitumen - Bitumen oxidized by blowing a stream of air though the heated material, which makes it more rubbery and raises its softening temperature, for use as bonding compound
Blown Oil - Linseed oil that has had air forced through it while also being boiled. It dries more quickly and is used in oil paints and linoleum
Blowpipe - A torch used for oxy-cutting steel
Blue Stain - A blue fungal discolouration in the sapwood of timber which does not reduce its strength
Blueing - Increasing the apparent whiteness of a white pigment or paint by adding a trace of blue
Board Measure - The superficial measurement of a quantity of timber
Board-finish Plaster - Usually a low expansion retarded hemihydrate plaster, suitable for single coat finishing work on true surface such as gypsum plasterboard. It is one of the few plasters to which lime should never be added
Boarding Joists - Common Joists for floorboarding
Boarding, sheathing boards - Boards laid side by side
Boasted Ashlar - A rough finish to stonework made by boasting
Boaster - A mason's boasting chisel, 40 to 80 mm wide, struck by a mallet in dressing stone
Boasting - The hand wasting or rough dressing of the surface with oblique or vertical strokes, which are usually not uniform, from a boaster
Boil Resistant Adhesive - An adhesive with good water resistance, able to withstand hot water for many years also attracts by insects and fungi
Boiler - A water heater in which the water should not boil. A boiler is used for the production of domestic hot water and hot water for central heating
Boiler House - A plant room for housing boilers
Bolster - A broad based steel brick layer's chisel with a blade about 110 mm wide
Bolt - A fastener with a head and screw thread, for a nut and/or;
The tongue of the lock that prevents the door opening when it is out (thrown) and allows it to open when withdrawn and/or;
Hardware to hold door or shutter closed, usually with direct or simple action
Bolt Box - Formwork round foundation holding down bolts for structure steelwork, to make a pocket in the concrete. During Concreting the bolts may move out of position by up to 20 mm. After the concrete hardens steelwork is erected, with the bolts passing through holes in each baseplate. The pocket formed by the bolt box allows the baseplate to be moved into its right place. Later the bolt boxes are grouted
Bolt Croppers - A pair of hand shears used for cutting bolts or steel rods
Bond - The layout of courses of bricks or blocks in a wall. It is important to keep every vertical joint at least a quarter length of a brick or stone from the next vertical joint above or below, using bats and closers.
Bond Beam - A reinforced concrete beam made inside a course of hollow blockwork from which the block ends and internal walls have been removed. The beam ties the wall together
Bond Course - A course of headers in a brickwork or blockwork wall
Bonding - The use of high strength adhesive usually thermosetting resins, elstomers or thermoplastics to make permanent structural joints, composite metal members, prefabricated building panels etc.
Bonding Compound - Hot molten blown bitumen put on to a roof to stick layers of built-up roofing together. A sealing compound is similar but is applied cold
Bonding Plaster - A pre-mixed light weight gypsum plaster containing exfoliated vermiculite, used as the undercoat in two-coat work on surfaces difficult to bond, such as smooth formed concrete walls
Bonding Tape - Tape glued on both faces for joining sheet materials in damp-proof courses, vapour barriers (to control humidity, smell etc). The tapes could be of bitumen felt, polyethylene
Bonding Treatment - Any treatment of a surface before the application of a finish (paint, plaster) so that it will stick. E.g. Roughing up the wall surface before plastering
Boning – The use of T shaped rods for setting out a flat surface, for excavations, ground slabs, drain laying etc.
Boning Pegs - Small hardwood pegs that are placed at the edges of large stones to be dressed flat, used with winding strips as guides
Boom - The jib of a crane, the dipper arm of a backhoe
Booster - A pump for increasing the pressure in a water supply pipe or fire riser and/or;
A heating element in an electric storage water heater which is switched on during the day if the draw-off temperature drops too low
Boot - A step down formed in the edge of a concrete floor slab (or a beam or lintel) to carry the outer skin of a cavity wall. This allows a drop in the damproof course to drain rainwater outwards through weepholes in the facing brickwork. The movement joint under the boot is weatherproofed with a sealant and the boot's outside face may be concealed with brick slips
Boot Lintel - A lintel across a door or window opening, with a boot
Booth - A small room or cubicle, for privacy or isolation, often with sound insulation
Bore - To pierce so as to form a hole and/or;
To drill a hole, or the hole after it is drilled and/or;
The internal diameter of a hole or a pipe. Copper pipe for water supply is mainly Microbore
Bore Lock ( Key-in-knob set, tubular mortice) - A door lock with a tubular T-shaped case. It fits into a bored mortice made with a hole saw from the face and with a drill from the stile, which is easier than cutting a rectangular mortice
Borer (Woodworm) - Wood-boring beetles in the larval phase, which burrow into timber for food and shelter, leaving behind wormholes when they emerge as adults e.g. furniture beetle, longhorn beetle etc. Treatment against attack using preservatives usually does not penetrate deeply enough to reach all borers, but they are killed by high temperatures, as in kiln dried timbers
Borosilicate Glass - Heat and chemical resistant clear glass made from borax as well as the usual silica, giving complex compounds of sodium borosilicate. It is used in factory shaped and tempered fire resisting glass, as glassfibre, to make vitreous enamel and in glass drain pipes
Bottle Trap - A trap on the waste from a kitchen sink or bathroom basin which has a bottle shaped cap that can be removed to clean out any rubbish causing a blockage, such as matches, hairpins and hair. Bottle traps are usually less self cleansing than a tubular S-trap
Bottom Chord - The lowest member of truss or girder
Bottom Plate - A member along the bottom of a framed partition that spreads the loads from the studs to the supporting floor
Bottom Rail - The horizontal bottom member of a framed door, casement or lower sash
Bottom Tie - A base tie of a pressed metal door frame
Bottom Ventilation - An air inlet for natural ventilation, particularly to a plantroom or machinery enclosure
Bottom-hung window - A window with its opening sash hinged at the bottom
Bottoming - Hand trimming excavations with a shovel, working behind an excavator such as backhoe, to clean out lumps of dirt and leave a tidy formation
Bottomless hole - A hole which passes through a material. It is therefore difficult to make a fixing in it except with a toggle bolt, anchor etc
Boundary - The edge of a building site
Bow Window - A projecting Bay Window which is curved in Plan
Bowl - The part of a sanitary fitting made to contain water, usually with a waste outlet. Kitchen sinks may have one or two bowls. A bowl of a WC is also called the pan and/or;
A light diffuser over a luminaire, often made from acrylic sheet
Bowl Saw - An ancient type of saw with a thin blade held at both ends in a loose H frame and tightened with twisted wire or string
Bowl,urinal, pod - A rounded vitreous china urinal, usually rimless and wall hung at varying heights to suit users
Box Cornice - The edge of a roof built out to conceal the gutter, with a fascia in front and a soffit board underneath
Box Frame - A sash window cased frame
Box Gutter / trough - A roof gutter below the general level of the roofing, with a lining in supported sheetmetal roofing, or bitumen roofing felt over a wooden box. Box gutters should always have a safety overflow, such as a scrapper through a parapet, so that if the outlet becomes blocked with leaves or snow, the rainwater will not flood though the ceiling or overload the roof
Boxed Heart - The heart centre, usually within a 100 mm square, cut out during the conversion of timber and discarded, This is done with some eucalyptus hardwoods, which have poor heart
Boxing - A formwork box, or a casing of building board on ground or studs
Boxwood - A hard hardwood used for making chisel handles BQ,BOQ - Bill of quantities
Bid - A tender
Bidet - A sanitary fitting for washing the nether parts of the body. Water is supplied from an overim mixer or an upward spray. The discharge is waste water not soil water
Bi-fold door - A compact cupboard door with two pairs of folding leaves
Bill of quantities (BOQ) - A set of descriptions of the materials and labour needed for construction work with their quantity and their unit price listed as numbered items. Generally used to calculate the estimated cost of construction of the said project
Billing - Writing the description and quantities of each item in bill of quantities
Bimetallic corrosion - Corrosion from dissimilar metal contact
Binder - A material that hardens to bond things together. Binders include: the film forming agent in paint; the resin in an adhesive or lime in plaster and/or;
Any tie securely fixed to a number of main framing members to stop them moving in relation to each other
Bird Screen - A grille of wire netting to stop birds entering fresh air inlets, exhaust outlets and other ventilation openings
Bit - An interchangeable working tool that fits into the chunk of a drill, a router or a carpenter's brace. The most common bit is the drill bit and/or;
The working head of a soldering iron, usually made of copper
Bit Gauge - A small metal piece that can be fixed to a drill bit to stop drilling at the right depth
Bitty - A bitty paint or varnish contains small nibs of paint skin, etc which stick up above the paint surface after a coat is applied
Bitumen - A smooth, black and heavy material which becomes liquid when heated made from natural or distilled petroleum and similar to pitch and tar
Bitumen Boiler - A heated vessel for melting bitumen before it is spread
Bitumen Felt - Sheets of fibres matted into felt and bonded by saturating with bitumen or bitumen polymer
Bitumen Polymer Sheet - High performance bitumen felt, made with bitumen that contains a polymer modifier, such as ethylene/propylene. It is reinforced with polyester or glassfibres and mostly used as a single layer in membrane roofing
Bituminous Paint - Paint made from asphalt or petroleum bitumen and a solvent or a bitumen emulsion. It is inexpensive and normally used for waterproofing or to protect metals
Black Steel - Steel with a surface layer of dark coloured iron oxides used for low pressure hot water heating pipes
Blade - The vane of a fan impeller that moves air by spinning. In a centrifugal fan, the blades are either backward curved, forward curved or radial. In a propeller fan they are aerofoil shaped and/or;
The part of a tool (trowel, plane) or a earth moving machine that touches the work and/or;
A slat of wood or glass as infill to a louvre
Blade seal - A thin strip of rubber projecting from the edge of a door leaf, as a wiping seal to weather-strip the frame or for smoke control
Blank Wall - A wall with no openings for door or windows
Blanket, Quilt - Insulation made of mineral wool, such as glassfibre, that comes in rolls, usually with a paper lining to each face
Blast Cleaning - Driving a high speed stream of abrasive, air or water on a surface by forcing it out of a pipe with compressed air
Blast Primer - A quick drying pretreatment primer applied immediately after the blast cleaning of steel. It prevents re rusting for a short time and allows steel to be handled
Blastfurnace Cement - An economical blended cement made by mixing finely ground blast furnace slag with portland cement clinker
Blastfurnace Slag - Slag
Bleaching - The removal of colour by chemical action, often an oxidation caused by sunlight an air
Bled Timber - Timber from yellow pine trees that have been tapped for resin, usually inferior to other timber
Bleed - To blow off or purge gases from a pipe caring a liquid
Bleed Valve - A valve for bleeding gases from a pipe
Bleeder Pipe - A pipe through a retaining wall as a weephole for water
Bleeding - The penetration of a coat of paint by substances from the substrate that dissolve in the paint's medium, usually causing discolouration
Blemish - Anything which mars the appearance of a finish, without affecting strength.
Blended Cement - Portland cement mixed with other materials that have some chemical reaction with it.
Blended Water - Hot and cold water that have been combined by a mixer
Blind fixing - Concealed fasteners or fixing systems
Blind Hole - A hole that does not pass right through a material, as a bottomless hole does
Blind Mortice - A mortice that does not pass through the timber
Blind nailing - Nailing that is not directly visible
Blinding concrete - A layer of dry lean concrete about 50mm thick covering the bottom of an excavation, either over hardcore or directly on the foundation, to seal the underlying material and prevent mud from dirtying the reinforcement bars or intruding into the concrete of footings
Blinds - Panels of textile which can be drawn down inside or outside a window to control daylight or heat from the sun
Blistering - Bubbles in a paint surface caused by moisture or resin vapourizing under the surface
Block Bonding - Connecting several courses of brickwork of one wall into the courses of another, often in order to bond shallow facing bricks into thicker common bricks in the backing
Block Bridging - Solid bridging
Block Saw - A mason's handsaw for cutting lightweight concrete blocks
Blockboard - A building board made of wooden core strips upto 30mm wide, glued between veneers with a grain at right angles, forming a composite board
Blockmaker - A machine for making precast concrete building blocks.
Blockwork - Masonry of precast concrete building blocks laid in cement mortar
Bloom - A thin film which forms on the surface of a gloss paint or varnish and hides the colour or reduces the gloss. This defect could be due to the paint composition or because of improper application in humid air conditions. It can sometimes be removed with a cloth
Blower - A fan for air conditioning, or an compressor and/or;
A blow gun for cleaning formwork
Blowlamp - A compact burner with a powerful flame and a built in fuel supply, used for heating materials, mostly to soften them for hand work such as soldering and bending pipes or conduits
Blown Air - Supply air distributed by a fan through ductwork
Blown Bitumen - Bitumen oxidized by blowing a stream of air though the heated material, which makes it more rubbery and raises its softening temperature, for use as bonding compound
Blown Oil - Linseed oil that has had air forced through it while also being boiled. It dries more quickly and is used in oil paints and linoleum
Blowpipe - A torch used for oxy-cutting steel
Blue Stain - A blue fungal discolouration in the sapwood of timber which does not reduce its strength
Blueing - Increasing the apparent whiteness of a white pigment or paint by adding a trace of blue
Board Measure - The superficial measurement of a quantity of timber
Board-finish Plaster - Usually a low expansion retarded hemihydrate plaster, suitable for single coat finishing work on true surface such as gypsum plasterboard. It is one of the few plasters to which lime should never be added
Boarding Joists - Common Joists for floorboarding
Boarding, sheathing boards - Boards laid side by side
Boasted Ashlar - A rough finish to stonework made by boasting
Boaster - A mason's boasting chisel, 40 to 80 mm wide, struck by a mallet in dressing stone
Boasting - The hand wasting or rough dressing of the surface with oblique or vertical strokes, which are usually not uniform, from a boaster
Boil Resistant Adhesive - An adhesive with good water resistance, able to withstand hot water for many years also attracts by insects and fungi
Boiler - A water heater in which the water should not boil. A boiler is used for the production of domestic hot water and hot water for central heating
Boiler House - A plant room for housing boilers
Bolster - A broad based steel brick layer's chisel with a blade about 110 mm wide
Bolt - A fastener with a head and screw thread, for a nut and/or;
The tongue of the lock that prevents the door opening when it is out (thrown) and allows it to open when withdrawn and/or;
Hardware to hold door or shutter closed, usually with direct or simple action
Bolt Box - Formwork round foundation holding down bolts for structure steelwork, to make a pocket in the concrete. During Concreting the bolts may move out of position by up to 20 mm. After the concrete hardens steelwork is erected, with the bolts passing through holes in each baseplate. The pocket formed by the bolt box allows the baseplate to be moved into its right place. Later the bolt boxes are grouted
Bolt Croppers - A pair of hand shears used for cutting bolts or steel rods
Bond - The layout of courses of bricks or blocks in a wall. It is important to keep every vertical joint at least a quarter length of a brick or stone from the next vertical joint above or below, using bats and closers.
Bond Beam - A reinforced concrete beam made inside a course of hollow blockwork from which the block ends and internal walls have been removed. The beam ties the wall together
Bond Course - A course of headers in a brickwork or blockwork wall
Bonding - The use of high strength adhesive usually thermosetting resins, elstomers or thermoplastics to make permanent structural joints, composite metal members, prefabricated building panels etc.
Bonding Compound - Hot molten blown bitumen put on to a roof to stick layers of built-up roofing together. A sealing compound is similar but is applied cold
Bonding Plaster - A pre-mixed light weight gypsum plaster containing exfoliated vermiculite, used as the undercoat in two-coat work on surfaces difficult to bond, such as smooth formed concrete walls
Bonding Tape - Tape glued on both faces for joining sheet materials in damp-proof courses, vapour barriers (to control humidity, smell etc). The tapes could be of bitumen felt, polyethylene
Bonding Treatment - Any treatment of a surface before the application of a finish (paint, plaster) so that it will stick. E.g. Roughing up the wall surface before plastering
Boning – The use of T shaped rods for setting out a flat surface, for excavations, ground slabs, drain laying etc.
Boning Pegs - Small hardwood pegs that are placed at the edges of large stones to be dressed flat, used with winding strips as guides
Boom - The jib of a crane, the dipper arm of a backhoe
Booster - A pump for increasing the pressure in a water supply pipe or fire riser and/or;
A heating element in an electric storage water heater which is switched on during the day if the draw-off temperature drops too low
Boot - A step down formed in the edge of a concrete floor slab (or a beam or lintel) to carry the outer skin of a cavity wall. This allows a drop in the damproof course to drain rainwater outwards through weepholes in the facing brickwork. The movement joint under the boot is weatherproofed with a sealant and the boot's outside face may be concealed with brick slips
Boot Lintel - A lintel across a door or window opening, with a boot
Booth - A small room or cubicle, for privacy or isolation, often with sound insulation
Bore - To pierce so as to form a hole and/or;
To drill a hole, or the hole after it is drilled and/or;
The internal diameter of a hole or a pipe. Copper pipe for water supply is mainly Microbore
Bore Lock ( Key-in-knob set, tubular mortice) - A door lock with a tubular T-shaped case. It fits into a bored mortice made with a hole saw from the face and with a drill from the stile, which is easier than cutting a rectangular mortice
Borer (Woodworm) - Wood-boring beetles in the larval phase, which burrow into timber for food and shelter, leaving behind wormholes when they emerge as adults e.g. furniture beetle, longhorn beetle etc. Treatment against attack using preservatives usually does not penetrate deeply enough to reach all borers, but they are killed by high temperatures, as in kiln dried timbers
Borosilicate Glass - Heat and chemical resistant clear glass made from borax as well as the usual silica, giving complex compounds of sodium borosilicate. It is used in factory shaped and tempered fire resisting glass, as glassfibre, to make vitreous enamel and in glass drain pipes
Bottle Trap - A trap on the waste from a kitchen sink or bathroom basin which has a bottle shaped cap that can be removed to clean out any rubbish causing a blockage, such as matches, hairpins and hair. Bottle traps are usually less self cleansing than a tubular S-trap
Bottom Chord - The lowest member of truss or girder
Bottom Plate - A member along the bottom of a framed partition that spreads the loads from the studs to the supporting floor
Bottom Rail - The horizontal bottom member of a framed door, casement or lower sash
Bottom Tie - A base tie of a pressed metal door frame
Bottom Ventilation - An air inlet for natural ventilation, particularly to a plantroom or machinery enclosure
Bottom-hung window - A window with its opening sash hinged at the bottom
Bottoming - Hand trimming excavations with a shovel, working behind an excavator such as backhoe, to clean out lumps of dirt and leave a tidy formation
Bottomless hole - A hole which passes through a material. It is therefore difficult to make a fixing in it except with a toggle bolt, anchor etc
Boundary - The edge of a building site
Bow Window - A projecting Bay Window which is curved in Plan
Bowl - The part of a sanitary fitting made to contain water, usually with a waste outlet. Kitchen sinks may have one or two bowls. A bowl of a WC is also called the pan and/or;
A light diffuser over a luminaire, often made from acrylic sheet
Bowl Saw - An ancient type of saw with a thin blade held at both ends in a loose H frame and tightened with twisted wire or string
Bowl,urinal, pod - A rounded vitreous china urinal, usually rimless and wall hung at varying heights to suit users
Box Cornice - The edge of a roof built out to conceal the gutter, with a fascia in front and a soffit board underneath
Box Frame - A sash window cased frame
Box Gutter / trough - A roof gutter below the general level of the roofing, with a lining in supported sheetmetal roofing, or bitumen roofing felt over a wooden box. Box gutters should always have a safety overflow, such as a scrapper through a parapet, so that if the outlet becomes blocked with leaves or snow, the rainwater will not flood though the ceiling or overload the roof
Boxed Heart - The heart centre, usually within a 100 mm square, cut out during the conversion of timber and discarded, This is done with some eucalyptus hardwoods, which have poor heart
Boxing - A formwork box, or a casing of building board on ground or studs
Boxwood - A hard hardwood used for making chisel handles BQ,BOQ - Bill of quantities
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